a. c. federal - constant and consistent oversight Secretary of the Treasury b. carefully and slowly d. president pro tempore - reacting to a problem after it appears c. United States v. Nixon d. Speaker of the House the issues that Congress will consider acting upon, a strategic Senate maneuver that allows a majority to decide to bypass a filibuster. The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. Creation of majority-minority districts has been beneficial only to Democrats. As these rates show, even in the worst political environments, incumbents are very difficult to defeat. Furthermore, What is casework Why do members of Congress do it?, Congress members do casework, which means, they troubleshoot for people from their home district or state who request help in dealing with the federal government.Congress members protect the interest of their state or district. a. conscience model of representation The principle partisan ally of the Speaker of the House or the party's wheel horse in the Senate. d. ten-year the term casework refers to assistance provided by members of congress to constituents who need help while filing a grievance with the federal government or a federal agency. when party victory is the most important goals of members of Congress What describes allocative representation? d. attachment d. Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between parties has increased. They are used to gain approval for pet projects that would fail on their own. Senate members tend to be wealthier than their House counterparts. Article I of the Constitution Until 2010, it also limited advertisements run by unions and corporations thirty days before a primary and sixty days before a general election.14 The FECs enforcement of the law spurred numerous court cases challenging it. True or False: If AW>0A W>0AW>0, then PW>0P W>0PW>0, and FW>0F W>0FW>0. They made the president directly elected by the people. d. Incumbents only leave office when they are involved in a scandal, a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. FOIA Library. Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? a. How did such a powerful incumbent lose a game in which the cards had been stacked so heavily in his favor? All evidence suggests the incumbent advantage, especially in the primary system, is alive and well. c. orthodox You manage a $9 million indexed equity portfolio. | Rate per labor hour | $\$4$ | an investigator . b. Markup Committee If the market is not good, he will sell only 400 copies at $70\$ 70$70 each. The whip system in the Senate is smaller and less comprehensive than that in the House. d. precedent He feels that if the market is good he can sell 500 copies of the deluxe version at $100\$ 100$100 each. d. a formal directive to executive branch departments and agencies that have the force of law satisfying constituents and supporting party positions. In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House? Another important reform occurred in 2002, when Senators John McCain (R-AZ) and Russell Feingold (D-WI) drafted, and Congress passed, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA), also referred to as the McCain-Feingold Act. However, congressional staff can intervene to facilitate the appropriate administrative processes, encourage an agency to give a case consideration, and sometimes advocate for a favorable outcome. Directlabor:Directmaterial:Quantity,.25hourQuantity,4kilogramsRate,$16perhourPrice,$.80perkilogram\begin{array}{ll} Originally, when a states two U.S. senators were appointed by the state legislature, the Senate chambers distance from the electorate was even greater. Per the Supreme Court decision in U.S. d. Modern presidents are much less partisan than the Framers originally intended. Incumbents are elected officials who currently hold an office. Election history has demonstrated that this form of publicity is very effective in garnering the support of voters. c. Political Action Committee This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The leader of the Senate responsible for the brunt of the work of the c. according to age He was handsome, popular with talk show hosts and powerful insiders, an impressive campaign fundraiser and speaker, and apparently destined to become Speaker of the House when the current speaker stepped down. d. per curiam What are three major responsibilities of members of Congress? WSU: PS-1010 (American Government) - Chapter, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. A filibuster can be ended through __________; it requires the approval of __________ senators. Anton Company manufactures wooden magazine stands. e. The conflict intensifies when Republicans control the presidency and Democrats control e. attorney general, According to the principle of __________, a court should not overturn precedent unless it is absolutely necessary. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Gains from trade d. logrolling, _________ is defined as the activities of members of Congress that help individual constituents, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tape. b. Congressional Democrats and Republicans could not agree on a budget. Creation of majority-minority districts has not increased racial minorities in Congress. The account pays 1.12% annual interest, compounded daily. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. The importance of airing positive constituent casework during campaigns is a testament to the accuracy of saying, All politics is local. This phrase, attributed to former Speaker of the House Tip ONeill (D-MA), essentially means that the most important motivations directing voters are rooted in local concerns. What is casework and its importance? c. joint What is the special committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate called? In 2020, for example, the average Senate incumbent raised $28,649,593, whereas the average challenger raised only $5,264,022.18 This is one of the many reasons incumbents win a large majority of congressional races each electoral cycle. File a FOIA Appeal. a. equal representation by state; four Congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly though hearings. Senators are required to have nine years standing as citizens and be at least thirty years old when sworn in. b. d. politico model of representation \end{array} Joint How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed? a. a subject knowledge test Which of the following can happen while the bill is in committee? In addition to U.S. citizenship and age, the requirements for serving in Congress include residency in the represented state and a bachelor's degree. What will occur there? The pork barrel may aid the district of a member of Congress by ________. c. The government shut down in order to save money. (a) Journalize the adjusting entries on August 31 for the 3-month period June 1August 31. b. casework c. committee c. Creation of majority-minority districts was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Research has shown that members of the United States Congress, especially in the House, exploit the abundance of electorally productive perquisites of office av. All federal judicial nominations are first referred to which of the following for a hearing? d. The conflict is a by-product solely of divided government. increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. d. laws The nuclear option replaced _____ to end filibusters. Conference b. constitutional Which the following are true about norms in Congress? Favors and other forms of assistance that members of Congress provide to their constituents. d. The president must inform Congress of the reasoning behind a veto. What is the vice president's only constitutionally defined job? c. Sergeant-at-Arms However, overall, the lions share of direct campaign contributions in congressional elections comes from individual donors, who are less influential than the political action committees (PACs) that contribute the remainder.13. c. military tribunals As the parties have pulled apart ideologically, they also have become more _________ internally. \text{ Direct labor: } & \text{ Direct material: } \\ e. vague. b. The issues include the very meaning of intelligence, its measurement, individual extremes of intelligence, and finally, the heredity/environment question. Register to vote at Vote.gov. e. certiorari, When a case is granted review in an appellate court, the parties submit written __________ presenting their arguments. Saskatewan Can Company manufactures recyclable soft-drink cans. a. appointment through Congress the death of diplomats at the American Embassy in Benghazi. e. the people, Which of the following is within the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? d. representing constituents by mirroring, b. representing the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members, The __________ is the only House official mandated by the There are currently 435 congressional districts in the United States and thus 435 House members, and each state has a number of House districts roughly proportional to its share of the total U.S. population, with states guaranteed at least one House member. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . b. Senate Nominations Committee Answer the following questions in light of what you have learned about thinking, problem solving, creativity, and language: \end{array} Examples of these types are listed below: Casework: Activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get. c. The President's role increased, so the role of government could decrease. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. | Rate per stand | $\$3$ | d. select/special b. (according to the data table). c. The practice by members of Congress of trading votes or other favors to enhance members' mutual interests. a. a. Assume that cigarettes cost $5.50\$ 5.50$5.50 per pack and consider a 202020-year-old college student smoker who smokes 161616 packs of cigarettes per month. It is more descriptively representative of women than the House. A member holds a marginal seat if he or she was elected with with less than 55 percent of the vote. Which response to the poll provides the most forceful indication that voters want delegates instead of trustees or politicos? d. omnibus, The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. 25; 7 a. as an advisor in the policy-making process d. negotiating treaties Political parties in general prefer to support incumbents in elections, because the general consensus is that incumbents are better candidates, and their record of success lends support to this conclusion. Congress determines when judicial salaries can be lowered. d. to persuade party members to support the party's priorities. Or case-worker, case worker [ keys-wur-ker ] high school level noun a person who does casework. constantly campaigns for voters' approval; is more deliberative. And congresspersons are hardly reticent about their efforts to support their constituents. d. Executive Office of the President, What is the role of the National Security Council? It had never been a problem before the mid-1990s, when a number of very imaginative political operatives developed a great many ways to spend this money. An artist has captured the experience in a drawing and is hoping to reproduce it and sell framed copies to current and former residents. If the student quits smoking and each month invests the amount she would have spent on cigarettes in a savings plan that averages a 4%4 \%4% annual return, how much will she have saved by the time she is 65?65 ?65? b. a. Chishom v. Georgia Cantors ambition, political skill, deep connections to political insiders, and ability to come out squeaky clean after even the dirtiest political tussling should have given him a clear advantage over any competitor. If members of Congress are motivated by gaining reelection (the electoral connection), which of the following behaviors help them connect with voters? d. nine c. majority Declare war. Establish more inter-Service standards/metrics, and standard process to promote learning and continuous improvement. This began to change in the 1980s and 1990s, as Democratic representatives across the region began to dwindle. Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas. How might "pork" or "pork barrel" legislation aid citizens in the district of a member of Congress? The __________ is where congressional Democrats gather to select their leadership at the beginning of each term. They originally decided that the president should be elected by Congress. | Fixed overhead (allocated based on direct labor hours): | | c. A legislator follows the public opinion of his or her Analyses of the stunning defeat quickly showed there were more chinks in Cantors polished armor than most wanted to admit. a. Incumbents often have a much higher level of name recognition. Earmarks are derogatorily referred to as 'pork barrel projects' by those who are against such projects. | Overhead spending variance | 210 Unfavorable | These structural differences between the two chambers create real differences in the actions of their members. d. hierarchical, When is lobbying more likely to be successful? a. libertarian Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like __________ is a good example of Congressional casework., In which event was there congressional oversight?, In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House? citation tool such as, Authors: Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, PhD. Many potential challengers never run because of the size of the incumbent's campaign funds. After printing the report, his computers hard drive crashed, effectively destroying most of the actual results for the month. c. Article III of the Constitution when members of Congress secure national resources for their local district What describes symbolic representation? Very few challengers have any experience with elections. b. conference d. to create a weak national leader that could easily be dominated by Congress Members of the House are apportioned to states based on _________. b. representing the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members As the parties have pulled apart ideologically, they also have become more _________ internally. b. complex Casework is a. | Direct materials price variance | $\33$ Unfavorable | A member of congress helps a women who has been cut off from Medicaid benefits regain them. b. arguments e. Incumbents only leave office when they choose. Which best describes the president's constitutional duty to Congress? e. Temporal, What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection over opposition candidates? In which way do modern presidents differ from the original intentions of the Framers of the Constitution? d. incumbency. c. mandatory | | **Current Month: Variances** | The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant. d. Speaker \text{Salaries and Wages Expense}&\text{\hspace{11pt}53,000}&\text{}\\ c. briefs making a speech that supports gun carry rights, an issue supported by constituents A House member must be a U.S. citizen of at least seven years standing and at least twenty-five years old. Each state has __________ senators elected every __________ years. c. Helping a constituent with the Veterans Administration. What is an example of casework by a member of Congress? . d. plea {x+3yz=0x2y+z=8x6y+2z=6\left\{\begin{array}{l}x+3 y-z=0 \\ x-2 y+z=8 \\ x-6 y+2 z=6\end{array}\right. The term for the 117th Congress begins in January 2021. b. after it is approved by its full committee a. caucus e. Woodrow Wilson, Congress can remove a president through __________. It does not store any personal data. Parties have become much more significant in Congress in recent years due to which of the following? After the census, the United States goes through the __________ process, in which congressional seats are allotted to each state according to its proportion of the population. Between 1946 and 2012, only 5 percent of incumbent senators and 2 percent of House incumbents lost their party primaries.19 In 2014, Cantor was one of four House incumbents who did so, while no incumbent senators suffered defeat. e. twenty-year, What is the name given to the power of the courts to interpret, and overturn, the actions of the executive and legislative branches? b. en banc Term Limits v. Thornton (1995), there are currently no term limits for either senators or representatives, despite efforts by many states to impose them in the mid-1990s.10 House members are elected by the voters in their specific congressional districts. The mighty list of federal projects grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district. Related Links. Congress uses its oversight authority to do which of the following? Veto is a law or bill that is stopped and the bill goes back to Congress to be voted on. a. What is the effect of the unanimous consent rule in the Senate? What can be inferred from the current demographic composition of the Senate? Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Both Republicans and Democrats have become more liberal. Representatives serve two-year terms, whereas senators serve six-year terms. d. Most bills die in committee because they lack support among members. c. Incumbents have no advantage in reelection. d. reapportionment d. nine The story of Eric Cantor may very well be the classic case of an exception proving the rule. Construct a boxplot and describe its shape. **Instructions** b. president But the Court found that this type of restriction violated the organizations First Amendment right to free speech. a. briefs In this section, we will explore why constitutional rules affect the elections for the two types of representatives and the reason the two bodies function differently by design. c. oversight c. Stressing policy positions makes voters more uncertain about where the candidate stands on important issues. b. Incumbents are prohibited from accepting campaign e. trial, Federal judges are appointed to __________ terms. $$ helping individual members of their constituency What is partisanship? d. Party polarization has decreased as bipartisanship has increased. Assistance to a constituent in obtaining a Social Security check. presidents did. The following information is also available: The bill must be reintroduced in the next session of Congress. The conflict is integral to the design of the Constitution, deliberately intended by the authors of Among other things, it created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), required candidates to disclose where their money was coming from and where they were spending it, limited individual contributions, and provided for public financing of presidential campaigns. The following information is provided to help congressional caseworkers expedite the servicing of constituent requests for records from the National Personnel Records Center. b. majority whip d. 35; 14. All that the accountant remembers is that actual production was 220 stands and that all materials purchased were used in production. a. one Individual members of Congress rate slightly higher than Congress as a whole, but approval ratings are at an all-time low. Table of Contents Page 3 Introduction Congressional Liaison Service Locations & Contact Information Page 4 __________ is the only formal method for ending a filibuster and requires the approval of __________ senators. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. a. recess Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? | Rate | $\$10$ per hour | c. after it is debated in the full House |Budgeted production: 200 magazine stands | | b. the Supreme Court The S&P 500 Index is currently at 1,800. The African American Struggle for Equality, Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians, Toward Collective Action: Mediating Institutions, Divided Government and Partisan Polarization, Collective Action and Interest Group Formation, Interest Groups as Political Participation, Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups, Delivering Collective Action: Formal Institutions, The Design and Evolution of the Presidency, Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action, Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights, Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court, Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration, Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types, Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy, The most expensive House race in 2020 was that of House minority whip Steve Scalise, who ran unopposed. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. requires approval by both houses of Congress Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; applying to a . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. b. Incumbents have a small advantage in reelection. d. Members of Congress forgot to pass the budget. the constitution. Congressional Budget Office Over the past three decades, the distance between the political parties in Congress has been growing steadily. More than half of all roll call votes in Congress divide the parties today. (If necessary, review Section $2.1.$)* The House of Representatives decided that, beginning in 1910, its upper limit would be __________ members. a. Indeed, a presentation for incoming Democratic representatives suggested a daily Washington schedule of five hours reaching out to donors, while only three or four were to be used for actual congressional work. By the end of this section, you will be able to: The House and Senate operate very differently, partly because their members differ in the length of their terms, as well as in their age and other characteristics. Analysis of an incumbent's policy positions prior to a debate b. Both chambers in Congress are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT _____. b. six a liberal, Jewish member of Congress representing a predominantly Jewish district. e. coram nobis, The authority to be the first court to hear a case is which type of jurisdiction? The following is a set of data from a sample of n=5: 7-5-879 8 Which of the following is an example of casework by a member of Congress? Which of the following could be considered an example of casework? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". If so, how might that strategy be less effective than the strategies employed by AlphaZero? Challengers typically have a less-refined home style. Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection campaign? b. a. majority leader b. conference b. e. filibuster, Throughout most of its history, which was considered an insignificant office? In general, this is true. Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. work managed by OCIA is Congressional casework. d. A legislator does what is in the best interest of his or her party. Congressional Research Service They contact their congressman's office, which in turn contacts the . a. exact b. equal representation by state; six In the decades since Campbells influential theory was published, a number of studies have challenged his conclusions. Informational: a. five The U.S. Constitution is very clear about who can be elected as a member of the House or Senate. What can be inferred from the current demographic composition of the Senate? Congressional committees are areas of __________ that allow members to develop the expertise to handle complex issues. e. plans, In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review? c. Both Republicans and Democrats have become more moderate. He can also choose to do nothing. These limits are intended to create a more equal playing field for the candidates, so that candidates must raise their campaign funds from a broad pool of contributors. Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. An institution unique to the House of Representatives that review all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full house. c. Council of Economic Advisers b. the president d. according to tact and decorum, The Constitution specifies that members of the House must be at least __________ years old and American citizens for at least _________ years. We discussed language, describing the components of grammar and tracing language development in children. | Overhead volume variance |60 Favorable | Assume that instead of paying Burris cash, Senger issued a credit memo to Burris to be used against Burriss outstanding account receivable balance. a. committee chairperson For example, in 1986, the costs of running a successful House and Senate campaign were $849,111 and $7,243,782, respectively, in 2020 dollars. The rules of the House and laws and regulations governing federal executive agency activities, however, closely limit interventions made on the behalf of constituents. __________ is the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population. b. colloquium Constituents routinely reach out to their congressperson for powerful support to solve complex problems, such as applying for and tracking federal benefits or resolving immigration and citizenship challenges. e. They limited the number of terms a president can serve.