pros and cons of descriptive representation pros and cons of descriptive representation

Easton, D. (1975). Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research chambers vs smeg; dr alexander orthopedic surgeon; verbs to describe how a lion moves. In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Explore a selection of resources that raise the visibility of transgender people and address issues members of the community face. Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., et al. Given the strikingly similar results we find in each of our studies, we are confident that our results are not a statistical artifact due to the relatively small number of African Americans in any one sample. The concept of representation. Incumbent. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Women's Quotas a firm and chewy baked product contains gluten; is chuck drummond still alive; homes for rent by owner in calumet city, il; houma news live; did adam bowles leave kthv The effect of black voters interacting with a black poll worker when compared to a non-black poll worker increases the probability of being very confident in ballot accuracy from a range of 8 to 10 percentage points. both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). Any system of government can fall victim to extremism. Sharing a racial identity with a member of Congress can also increase the likelihood of aconstituent contactingtheir member of Congress. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 623638. general atomics hourly pay how does felix react to the monster the chosen by taran matharu summary. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment. That creates two unique advantages in this category: people have more influence over the structure of the government and become more invested in domestic issues. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. This type of design does not allow to establish causal relationships, since they do not have the possibility of controlling variables, and their internal validity is not very reliable. strontium citrate pros and cons; how to calculate lot coverage toronto; myapplications microsoft tjx; feng shui bird bath placement. The Journal of Politics As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. Pros and cons of working with samples. Through the resource of the survey, it is possible to carry out a descriptive investigation that yields information about the number of hours per day that children in a particular population play. Thu., Mar. What is a Descriptive Representative? Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. It allows us to not only understand human behavior but we can observes animals and even plants if we so desired, although that would be more or less useless including the data. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Congress in black and white. Many communities under this system can come away feeling like they dont matter to the governing coalition. Within election administration, a diverse population of poll workers serves as a means to facilitate confidence in elections and the legitimacy of election outcomes. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Tate, K. (2003). In addition to the important administrative role that they play, poll workers also contribute to the way voters view elections and their outcomes. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. However, due to its low precision in forecasting, it is not possible to specify the causes and effects of the phenomenon studied. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. (1997). Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons Pros and Cons of Experimental Research | Vision Launch Media descriptive representation for both intrinsic and (perceived) instrumental reasons. In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). Although, when obtaining data on the variables, it is possible to make forecasts, these are not entirely reliable, since they are considered premature. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. 2. Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. PDF Is All Descriptive Representation Equal?: A Closer Look at Latino It allows us to see part of the human mind and how it works and how it interact with others. (1975). Effects Of Grading System On Students: Pros And Cons descriptive representation pros and cons - mitocopper.com If a voter knows that their candidate is polling 20 points behind, then voting for that candidate is essentially a wasted vote. These proportional representation pros and cons have certain benefits that allow for greater inclusion and variety. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. An analysis of given workloads in the event of medication errors in nursing was conducted by an exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach. (2015). tion rights. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Naturalistic observation also gives the observers little to no control which gives the observer pure, non-corrupted data. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. The American Political Science Review, 57(1), 4556. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. Just 5 countries in the world today use a system that is based on plurality voting. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. delaware state police requirements; methanol water boiling point; oregon dmv permit renewal; census enumeration district maps uk Article When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater That means those who serve in the government are less likely to focus on local issues as they have no local representation responsibilities. In light of recent administrative irregularities that have reduced the confidence thatblack votershave in elections, the value of seeing a reflection of oneself when entering the polling location to cast a ballot should not be minimized. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. The two types of designs used in descriptive research are described below: In cross-sectional designs, the variables are not affected by any type of process, which is why they only dedicate themselves to observing the event as it happens, limiting themselves only to analyzing them. However, if researchers want to understand why something is happening, they may need to use other research methods. Gender & Conflict Gender Action Portal For example, those living in diverse communities might find 5 black representatives too low, whereas those living in homogeneous white communities might find 5 black representatives too high. There are woman that dont the help because is challenge to get mental health. & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). Where Are Wind Turbine Blades Made In Texas? Under a standard system of proportional representation, voters are able to cast a single transferable vote, or an STV. Answer the what, not the why. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Descriptive statistics can be useful for two purposes: 1) to provide basic information about variables in a dataset and 2) to highlight potential relationships between variables. To achieve this task, the researcher can choose between two different types of research designs, which have specific characteristics that differentiate them from each other. Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1963). Here are some of the most important characteristics of descriptive research: In descriptive research, the researcher has no control over any of the variables that affect the event or problem under investigation. Several countries, since 2016, have elected representatives and leaders that have promoted isolationist views. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). One area of the voting experience that has received little attention isdescriptive representation. Other nations experience higher levels of voter turnout than these 5 nations because their vote really does count on some level. Descriptive statistics on the dependent variables can be found in the Appendix (Supplementary material). Page, B. I., Shapiro, R. Y., Gronke, P. W., & Rosenberg, R. M. (1984). British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. Technology gives researchers access to online libraries, digital collaboration and social media websites. The moderating effects of education and ideology Beyond differences based on race, education and ideological orientation are likely to moderate voter responses to MCs of different races in several ways. Poll workers are an integral component of successfully conducting and managing elections in the United States. Grose, C. R. (2011). nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; The formal charging of a government official with "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. A current officeholder. Candidate gender and womens psychological engagement in politics. Tate, K. (2001). (2005). New York: Free Press. A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. pros and cons of descriptive representation - ircmar.org Researchers surely appreciate the ease of which they are able to problem solve, collect data and share the results of their, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils descriptive representation pros and cons proceedings of the international conference on learning representations. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. The figure below presents the difference in the likelihood of a voter believing that their ballot, ballots locally, and ballots across the state are counted accurately with and without the presence of descriptive representation. Limits of Descriptive Representation. Furthermore, it is applied only to a group, over which it has no control whatsoever. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. In addition, it is possible to present a hypothesis and to expand the degree of knowledge about the event under investigation. It creates a system of government where more voices can be heard, but fewer actually receive a listening ear. The Gender Action Portal (GAP) serves as an online tool for decision-makers across sectors. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. 4. Horizontal Communication The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. But conflict and disagreement can be quite beneficial. @HarvardHBS professor @francescagino. I claim that a . Statistical inference, on the other hand, consists of the methods involved . During the fall 2022 semester, students across Harvard University examined women's education as both a preventative tool and as a perpetrator of conflict in a course taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, HKS Adjunct Professor of Public Policy. Stealth democracy: Americans beliefs about how government should work. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils WAPPP sat with Anna to chat about her book, which is the first trade publication to exclusively feature Black scholars and experts across economics, education, health, and climate. Descriptive research is a powerful tool that can be used to gain insights into a particular subject. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. pros and cons of descriptive representation During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. That prevents incumbents from staying in office, even if 60% of the population has voted against them. Hayes, M., Hibbing, M.V. the six voting members of the House being women. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. It encourages a coalition government. The data obtained by conducting a descriptive. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. Defination , Difference and Limitations of Descriptive and Inferential Descriptive representation in legislatures and political alienation among latinos. The effect of black congressional representation on political participation. The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. With more voices heard, there is a better chance that real action can be taken within the government. Advantages and disadvantages of List PR Does descriptive race representation enhance institutional legitimacy? The Women and Public Policy Program and the Harvard Kennedy School are located on the ancestral, traditional, and contemporary unceded homeland of the Massachusett people, the surviving descendants of the first people of Massachusetts and of the Neponset band of the Massachusett. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Casework. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero Example: The population may be all people living in India. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. Constituency opinion and congressional behavior: A reexamination of the Miller-Stokes representation data. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. (1995). The authors would like to thank Bill Bianco, Eileen Braman, Christopher DeSante, Bernard Fraga, Brian Gaines, Jim Kuklinski, Jeff Mondak, Diana Z. OBrien, and Cara Wong for guidance and feedback on earlier drafts. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. 4. descriptive representation pros and cons. Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable The main difference between descriptive and substantive representation is that in descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent, whereas, in substantive representation, representatives focus on the issues of a particular group. WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Representing black interests and promoting black culture: The importance of African American descriptive representation in the US House. Quota Problems: Combating the Dangers of Essentialism 1. The limitations of descriptive research include that it cannot explain why something is happening and may be biased. The models have parameters which may be useful in understanding the focus of the matter such as a mean, standard deviation of the variable and standard deviation of the mean as examples. While descriptive research can be a powerful tool, it has its pros and cons. The upsides of using descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a foundation for further research. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. pros and cons of descriptive representation - maxidress.store Document Cited authorities 1 Cited in Related. Descriptive statistics comprises the statistical methods dealing with the collection, tabulation and summarization of data, so as to present meaningful information. (2010). The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. (2010). Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). (2012). pros and cons of descriptive representation. And as I write, significant representation by gender cannot be achieved in any existing polity without some form of quota. Are Russian troops using sexual violence as a weapon? 1996: 2). The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decisionmaking in their own right. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. 5. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. pros and cons of descriptive representation Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. When a person is unaware they are being observed it reduces change in behavior, which can occur when if they are aware that they are being observed. Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. Descriptive research is one of the most basic forms of research that can be conducted to gain insights into a particular subject. Race and turnout: Does descriptive representation in state legislatures increase minority voting? In Belgium, the negotiations required after their 2010 election to form a governing coalition took 18 months to complete, leaving a crippled government in its place where nothing got done. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. California: University of California Press. AP gov chapter 11 terms Flashcards - Questions and Answers - Quizlet Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. (2010). Public Opinion Quarterly, 45(1), 91. GAP added 6 new summaries on intersectionality in 2022, bringing the total intersectional summaries to 61, 21% of all research included on GAP. Descriptive research is often used to provide a snapshot of a population or phenomenon. Survey of the Performance of American Elections. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation. pros and cons of descriptive representation. This method allows a researcher to watch someones uninhibited reactions compared to surveys or case surveys where you can answer truthfully or untruthfully. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Lombardo, E., & Meier, P. (2014). Sociological Forum, 8(2), 243271. These three measures are all highly correlated and the index has a standardized \(\alpha\) of 0.89 for Study 1, 0.86 for Study 2, and 0.91 for study 3. 2. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2), 441460. 1999 The University of Chicago Press U. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Usually, these. The downsides of using descriptive research include that it is limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. The Women and Public Policys faculty, research fellows, and students are committed to advancing women and gender equity globally. Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. Since subjects are randomly assigned to conditions and we have good balance on demographic items across treatment conditions, we are not particularly concerned about potential confounds. 2-3:30 pm Koch, J. Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. WAPPP commemorates Transgender Awareness Week and honors the memory of Rodrigo Ventocilla MPA/ID 2023. WAPPP Co-Director Iris Bohnet will be a featured panelist in the upcoming policy forum on Using Innovation and Technology to Advance Gender Equality" hosted by @ipinst, @swiss_un, and @INTGenderChamps.