types of arches in architecture types of arches in architecture

To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Britain, Germany, and Spain produced variations of this style, while Italian Gothic stood apart in its use of brick and marble rather than stone. Arches are similarly utilized as an Architectural element that will enable to increase in the aesthetical view of the structure. Central points of the smaller arcs at the ends lie on the springing line. Cement mortar is utilized in the construction of brick arches. The center stone at the top of the arch is called the keystone, and it is the piece that locks the arch in its shape and forces the compression of stress. Semi-Elliptical Arch8. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. A stilted arch is one in which the curve of the arch, supported, as it were, on stilts, springs from the vertical at a point at a level higher than that of the impost which carries the thrust of the arch. The shape of the arch looks like asemi-circle. It is also known as an acute arch or an ogive arch. It is widely used in Islamic architecture. A flat arch is generally constructed for lighter loads and cannot bear heavy loads. Offered in eight varying finishes, this collection is designed to harmonize with various cabinet styles and finishes. Roman basilicas had to be large enough to hold hundreds of people, often had multiple levels, and were tall enough to still feel airy and spacious inside. Once you've finished, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Read More: Culvert | What Is a Culvert | Types of Culvert | Culvert Meaning | Parts of Culvert. [4][5][6][7] It can span a large area by resolving forces into compressive stresses, and thereby eliminating tensile stresses. If vaults intersect, their intersections produce complex forms. In the 12th-13th century, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings. Generally, the concrete blocks are used without reinforcement. The Gupta era arch vault system was later used extensively in Burmese Buddhist temples in Pyu and Bagan in 11th and 12th centuries. Many cultures used this style to evoke the same confidence and power that the Roman Empire inspired. Two courses of rings in header and stretcher form. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Gateway Arch is an architectural marvel and spectacular stainless steel monument located at St. Louis, Missouri in United States. Roman Basilica Concept, Architecture & History | What is a Basilica? I: Schlumberger, Daniel (1983), "Parthian Art", in Yarshater, Ehsan. In Precast concrete block arches the blocks are cast in moulds to the exact shape and size of voussoirs. The center of the curve lies above the springing line of the arch. Examples of use of the Roman arch include: Roman arches have several elements. 5. The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,[31][32] such as in Alcontar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. Brick Arches. Trefoil ArchA trefoil arch is an arch that is formed by three rings overlapping each other, taking the form of a trefoil. Although introduced in the 5th century, arches didn't gain prominence in the Indian architecture until 12th century after Islamic conquest. Intrados of this arch is lesser than a semicircle. The stone arches are similarly sub-classified into two types which are as follows. Medieval Europe made great use of the pointed arch, which constituted a basic element in Gothic architecture. Venetian arch is a typical example for four-centered arch. The Arabs popularized the pointed arch, and it was in their mosques that this form first acquired its religious connotations. The voussoir that is situated in the center of the arch is called the keystone. Flat Arch4. It is erected to span roadways. The Rock brick arches are generally wedged in form. Each item is individually . The arches are classified as per the following factors, According To The Type Of Material Used For Construction, Types of Arch According To The Number Of Center. In the gauge brick kind of arch, bricks are cut with a wire saw to the exact shape and size of the requisite voussoir. It was the first type developed and its use was first exploited by the Romans. Construction of thearchesis needed where the span between the two supports issurplusand theload arrivingon the supports isheavy. This type of purchase was normally utilized in the construction of residential windows and doors within the 20th century. There are many types of arches. A point forms at the apex of the arch. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it,[1] or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it. Stone Arches Understand the Roman arch in architecture. Segmental Arch5. The Roman Forum Map & Facts | What is the Roman Forum? Receive product news and updates in your inbox, Designing Classrooms Differently to Encourage Collaboration, Dutch Architecture: Exploring Amsterdam's Wonky Wonders, Deconstructivist Architect Rem Koolhaas & Organic Architect Santiago Calatrava, Life of a French Swiss Modern Architect Le Corbusier. The horseshoe arch is based on the semicircular arch, but its lower ends are extended further round the circle until they start to converge. The curved surface creates 2 center points and the shape of the Lancet Arch is indicated in the figure. In the late Middle Ages the segmental arch was introduced. The three main types of Moorish architectural arches are the horseshoe arch, the polylobed . The first examples of the pointed arch in the European architecture are in Sicily and date back to the Arab-Norman period. There can two types of trefoil arches, one with round top and another with pointed apex called round trefoil arch and pointed trefoil arch respectively. The interior, lower curve of the arch is called the intrados. For instance, round, flat and pointed arches are all types of arches classified by shape. It is roughly U-shaped arch. This type of arches is established where high accuracy for completion is not needed. Ashlar stones are typically used in constructing flat arches. Where any other form of stress is raised, such as tensile or torsional stress, it has to be resisted by carefully placed reinforcement rods or fibres.[56]. Read More: Refractory Bricks | Fire Bricks | Types of Refractory Bricks. This type of arch uses space efficiently and decoratively when used for doorways. It uses a curve to span a space between two points. [11] The fixed arch is most often used in reinforced concrete bridges and tunnels, which have short spans. The arch allowed ancient builders to make larger, more complex buildings that could hold more space and people. This Jeffrey Alexander pull is available in four standard pull lengths, 12" appliance handle and coordinating ringed mushroom knob. II. These stones are joined together using cement mortar. Springing line of an arch, also known as the spring of an arch, is the horizontal line drawn between the ends from where the arch starts. The Segmental arch is the traditional type of arch utilized for buildings in which the center of the arch lies under the springing line. Stone Arches Based on workmanship, these are sub divided into two types. Rome alone required hundreds of miles of aqueducts to provide enough fresh water to its massive population. This kind of arch is thus not subject to additional stress from thermal change. Evident in both entrances and interiors, Islamic arches are categorized into four main styles: pointed, ogee, horseshoe, and multifoil. In pointed-arch styles, where there is a central point at the top of the arch, it may be a four-centred arch or Tudor arch. [10], The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. A catenary arch has a constant thickness. Stained-glass window panels rendered startling sun-dappled interior effects. The most popular styles of arches in Medieval Europe were the pointed arch, also known as the ogive arch. So, it looks unattractive. A semicircular arch having its extrados struck from a higher point than its intrados so that the length of the voussoirs is longer nearer the top of the arch. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [43][44], However, the ancient Romans had virtually all of these components beforehand; for example, Trajan's Bridge that was built between 103 AD and 105 AD, had open spandrels built in wood on stone pillars.[45]. This establishes them as largely stable and productive, capable of larger spans and supporting considerable loads than horizontal beams. Tudor arch is also having four centers. Stones are cut to the proper shape of voussoirs and are fully dressed, properly joint with cement or lime. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch, as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. The Monolithic concrete arches were initially utilized for longer spans. Horseshoe Shape Arch. Arches are similarly utilized as anArchitectural elementthat will enable to increase in the aesthetical view of thestructure. These are used up to spans of 1m. This is sometimes denominated "arch action". Round Archcan be defined as anarchformed in a continuous curve that has characteristics of Roman architecture. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form of temporary wooden centring. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The arches are classified as per the following factors, According To The Shape Pointed Shape Arch Horseshoe Shape Arch Flat Arch Segmental Arch Semi Circular Arch Venetian Arch Semi-Elliptical Arch Stilted Arch Relieving Arch According To The Type Of Material Used For Construction Stone Arches Brick Arches Concrete Arches Brick archesare one of thepopular typesof arches that are utilized inconstruction. This type of arch that established with the help ofconventional bricks. The Romans were very proud of the arch. Ogee Arch An ogee arch is an arch formed by two arcs that are curving in the opposite directions forming the shape of S alphabet. Art Nouveau Arch This type of arch is also known as a segmental arch, and it's a very shallow and basic arch. All three centers of intrados and extrados lie on the springing line of the arch. The center of the stilted arches on a straight line. There are other types of ogee arches such as ogee three-centered arch and ogee four-centered arch. These are common as decorative treatments of a wall surface in many architectural styles, especially Romanesque architecture. It is also known as a Mayan arch or Maya arch. This type of arch is recognized as a Syrian arch. It is one of the types of a round arch and is also commonly known as a Roman arch.Segmental ArchA segmental arch is an arch with a curved arc having lower than 180 degrees. Without the arch, these constructions would probably not have been possible. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, United States, is the tallest arch of the world. The external thrust rises as the height, or rise, of the arch declines. Segmental Arch. In ancient Persia, the Achaemenid Empire (550 BC330 BC) built small barrel vaults (essentially a series of arches built together to form a hall) known as iwan, which became massive, monumental structures during the later Parthian Empire (247 BCAD 224). These orders include the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Arches are typically made of stone, brick, or concrete, and are held in place by a combination of gravity and lateral forces. The techniques included indesigningandconstructingarches have since been acquired into several otherstructural forms, containingvaults,arcades, andbridges. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Early Christian Architecture: Examples, History & Characteristics. Admit it, you take arches for granted. The top is defined by a perfect semicircular arch that rests on two supporting posts or columns, normally made of stone or wood, but now increasingly constructed of drywall or plasterboard. Flat Arch. The Roman arch is a significant element of the architecture of Rome. Table of Contents. Photo: LeCaire via Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Arches may rest on light supports, however, when they occur in a row, because the thrust of one arch counteracts the thrust of its neighbours, and the system remains stable as long as the arches at either end of the row are buttressed. It is a type of an elliptical arch. An arch can also carry a much greater load than a horizontal beam can support. Sometime, a perfectly circular arch known as a. They had the right to be, and commissioning large buildings became a way for politicians to display power and wealth. The forms, along with the "strongly expressed ribs at the vault intersections, were dominant architectural features of Gothic cathedrals. Parabolic Arch A parabolic arch is an arch that takes the form of a parabola. This arch contains a semicircular arch with two vertical parts at springings. The Venetian arches come under the classification of four center arches which have a sum of four centers. The Venetian arch is another form of the pointed arch. A segmental arch is also known as a scheme arch.Two-centered ArchA two-centered arch is an arch that consists of two arcs with their centers on the springing line of the arch. Three-centered ArchA three-centered arch is an arch that is formed by three arcs with three centers. In this arch, the center of the arc falls under the springing line of the arch. The Nippur Arch, The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, vol. The arch directs pressure downwards and outwards, creating a strong passage underneath it that has the ability to support heavy structures. It is roughly U-shaped arch. The Curves surface creates 2 Center Points. According to Type of Material Used for Construction Stone Arches. A famous example is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. They are, Rubble arches Rubble arches are very weak and used only for inferior work. Stilted Arch. If a series of wedge-shaped blocksi.e., ones in which the upper edge is wider than the lower edgeare set flank to flank in the manner shown in the figure, the result is an arch. Location: New . Semi-Elliptical Arch8. Omissions? Concrete Arches13. ft. home is a 4 bed, 3.0 bath property. Slited Arch. [10], The two-hinged arch is most often used to bridge long spans. The bricks are manufactured, matching the exact shape and size of voussoirs, to get very fine workmanship. The pointed arches or gothic arches or lancet arches come under the category of two-centered arches. Intrados of the arch is in the shape of semi-circle and rest of the arch is similar to Venetian arch. Semi-circular Arch Segmental Arch Semi elliptical arch Flat Arch Two centered Arch Equilateral arch Lancet arch Venetian arch Three centered arch ogee arch Drop arch This carrying capacity stems from the fact that pressure downward on an arch has the effect of forcing the voussoirs together instead of apart. When an emperor had been victorious in war, he commissioned a triumphal arch that all of his troops would march under to officially declare their victory to the city. The segmented arch is a type of arch in which a circular arc is less than 180 degrees. Recommended Types of Arches Ankit Shukla 52.7k views 29 slides Arches Jitesh Dhule 8.9k views 16 slides dome and vault kaiwan1996 44.3k views 48 slides Arches gayathrysatheesan1 537 views 33 slides ARCHES AND ITS TYPES Mohd Waqar 42.3k views 41 slides Space frames Bnv Aditya 118.5k views 29 slides Domes Rashi Jain 11.3k views See how the keystone works in a Roman arch and how the arch fits into the history and architecture of the Roman Empire. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The ends of this arch should be carried sufficiently into the abutments. A depressed arch is one that appears "squashed" down at the top from the full arched shape. It is best known for its large religious temples built in stone, designed from principles of order . The catenary arch has a different shape from the parabolic arch. Cinquefoil ArchPointed cinquefoil arch is an arch with the intrados outline created by five rings overlapping each other. These are roughly shaped and sized. The mortar is utilized for binding stones. 1. A parabola is a curve that follows the path of an object thrown in the air and fallen on the ground. He also earned a Certificate in Museum Studies. Ancient Romans are known to have first developed the segmental arches in bridge construction. Barrel Vault | Construction & Architecture, Rome & Religious Architecture: Influences & Examples. For other uses, see. Patuxai Arch or Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane or Victory Gate in Vientiane, Laos; Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, North Korea and Arch of Constantine in Rome, Italy, are among other impressive arches of the world.Let's begin arch architecture!Flat ArchA flat arch is a straight spanning member where the intrados is straight that is the interior curve or inner line of an arch. It is widely used in Islamic architecture. An arch is an important element of built environments. Arches are compressive structures, which is why there are no tensile stresses. Horseshoe Shape Arch3. It is commonly used in bridges, where long spans are needed.[13]. 348 lessons. The Romans, by contrast, used the semicircular arch in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale architecture. Create your account. . It is considered to be one of the strongest and most durable arches as these arches have the ability to resist force. For other uses of, "Key stone" redirects here. 11.Venetian arches types: Venetian arches have pointed arches but its crown is darker than that of the spring which has 4 centres, all situated on the springing line. Pointed Shape Arch2. Intrados gets widened above the springing line before getting narrowed to the top. The Ogee arch appears in architecture all over the world, though is quite . [52] The earlier uses semicircular arch, while the later contains examples of both gothic style pointed arch and semicircular arches. [25][26][27] This architectural tradition was continued by the Sasanian Empire (224651), which built the Taq Kasra at Ctesiphon in the 6th century AD, the largest free-standing vault until modern times. A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window, door, or passageway. The key to the round arch is the keystone, which completes the arch and allows the arch to self-supporting. Parabolic ArchA parabolic arch is an arch that takes the form of a parabola. Width of the springing line of this arch is equal to the diameter of the semicircle and rise is equal to the radius. Without bridges to connect their roads, the Roman army would not have been able to march across Europe, expanding the Empire. Semi-Circular Arch6. Keystones are the center piece at the top of the arch that holds the arch together. Centre of arch lies on the horizontal line through the tops of vertical portions. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. The joints are fine, thin, and simply radial. There are two types of horseshoe arches such as rounded horseshoe arch and pointed horseshoe arch. During this period new Roman buildings were designed and constructed such as the triumphal arches, aqueducts, and basilicas. The Colosseum, largely built using arches, was designed by the Flavian emperors to convince the people that their emperor cared about them. The thickness is around 15 cm for the arches up to 3 m spans. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Shape classification: In architecture, the shape of an arch can be one classifying factor. The most common kinds of true arch are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and the three-hinged arch. The intrados is similarly Flat and provided a slight increase of camber of about 10 mm to 15 mm. Types of Arches Construction The archers are classified on the following factors According to Shape Pointed Shape Arch. In the semi-circular arch, the thrust transmitted to the abutment is completely in a vertical direction. The Rubble arches are utilized for the formation of arches up to a span of 1 meter. The objective of this study was to report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, consistent with previous infection. Arches, Vaults, and Domes", "METALS AND METALLURGY IN THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION", "Teotihuacan ruins explored by a robot, AP report in the Christian Science Monitor, 12 November 2010", Paper about the three-hinged arch of the Galerie des Machines of 1889, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arch&oldid=1127713478, This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 07:21. Romans also incorporated arches into their buildings. Other components include the columns on the side of the arch and the voussoirs, the other stones at the top of the arch that press against the keystone and the columns. Relieving Arch. These flat arches are generally used for, It is a type ofarchwith a circular arc of fewer than. Unlike that of the fixed arch, the pinned base can rotate,[12] thus allowing the structure to move freely and compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction that changes in outdoor temperature cause. Semi-circular arch or Roman Arch Segmental Arch A Syrian arch which is also known as a Segmental arch. This type of arch is relatively costly to construct, and the bricks used in its construction must be finely dressed. Those are stone, brick, concrete, steel (and concrete alternatives can be swapped in). This type of arch would eventually become an important element of Gothic architecture. Arches are self-supporting, balanced by the force of gravity conducting on their weight to carry them in compression. Centre of the larger and middle curve lies below the springing line of the arch. Roman Concrete Construction Development & Uses | How Did the Romans Make Concrete? This type of arch is created above the Flat arch or on a wooden lintel. The pointed shape arch carries two arcs of the circle which fulfills at theapexandsets a triangle.Triangle elementsmay be equilateral or isosceles (similarly recognized asLancet Arch). This is the basic type of arch used for buildings in which the Centre of the arch lies below the springing line. Westend61 / Getty Images An umbrella term that refers to the building styles that originated in ancient Greece and Rome, classical architecture has influenced centuries of subsequent design movements throughout the world, including Neoclassical and Greek Revival architecture.Some of the most famous buildings in the modern world are based on ancient Greek and Roman designs. It forms the shape of an inverted V alphabet. Design: This multicentre observational cohort study, conducted between 16 April to 3 July 2020 at 5 UK sites . Of all forms of arch, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base yet can span the greatest distances. A good semi-elliptical shape arch contains five centres. The curve in an arch may be semicircular, segmental (consisting of less than one-half of a circle), or pointed (two intersecting arcs of a circle); noncircular curves can also be used successfully. Constructed from cast-in-situ concrete, either plain or reinforced, depending upon the span and magnitude of loading. C. Gauged brick arches. It may be either isosceles or equilateral. The masonry arch is one of the oldest structural elements. Romans in the first centuries BC discovered how to use arches in the construction of bridges, aqueducts and buildings. Thus, the complete surface of this type of arch provides an extremely aesthetical appearance. The Romans were very fond of using massive buildings to house certain events or facilities. It is also known as a discharging arch. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans through an elevated space that may or may not support the weight above it. Triumphal arches were absolutely massive. They also introduced the triumphal arch as a military monument. Triumphal ArchA triumphal arch is a monumental structure that is free standing and is formed as an arched entrance, an archway, having one or more passageways. It is a type of an elliptical arch. Corrections? This type of arch that established with the help of conventional bricks. Lime putty is utilized as a binding material. An arch is a structure constructed in curved shape with wedge shaped units (either bricks or stones), which are jointed together with mortar, and provided at openings to support the weight of the wall above it along with other superimposed loads. The Romans were proud of the arch, and they had every reason to be. Arches may fall when the frame is removed if design or construction has been faulty. Arches were known in ancient Egypt and Greece but were considered unsuitable for monumental architecture and seldom used. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way. Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture,[3] and their systematic use started with the ancient Romans, who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures. This form of the arch spread to European nations throughout the Middle Ages and continued to change through the evolution of Gothic architecture. On the other hand, a pointed horseshoe arch has a pointed top formed by two arcs with their two central points above the springing line. The point from which the arch rises from its vertical supports is known as the spring, or springing line. Catenary arches have been built in the buttresses and vaults of Gothic and Renaissance architecture. [58], Depressed Tudor arch on Layer Marney Tower in Essex, England, Blind arches on the Church of San Tirso in Sahagn, Len, Spain, Washington Square Arch, a triumphal arch in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, Delicate Arch, a natural arch in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, A rock balance sculpture in the form of an arch, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot (Gray's Anatomy), Restored Canaanite city gate of Ashkelon, Ashkelon, Israel (2014), Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2014), Taq Kasra (Archway of Ctesiphon), Salman Pak, Iraq (1864), Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015), Arch of Constantine, Rome, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007), The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998), Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City (2007), Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a monument based on a catenary arch (2011), The Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, California, Pont Flavien over the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhne, France (2008), Old stone bridge in Kerava, Finland (2011), Bridge of Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (1979), Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007), Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008), Anji Bridge over the Xiaohe River, Hebei Province, China (2007), The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005), Pont du Gard, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014), Bridge in esk Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004), Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011), Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, carrying the Paris Mtro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006), Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007), Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006), Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007), Arrbida Bridge over the Douro River connecting Porto, and Vila Nova de Gaia, in the Norte Region, Portugal (2011), Rainbow Bridge over the Niagara River connecting Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (2012), Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004), Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010), Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945), Lianxiang bridge over the Xiang River, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China (2007), Zhivopisny Bridge over the Moskva River, Moscow, Russia (2009), Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012), Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge crossing Parano Lake, Braslia, Brazil (2007), Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005), Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris (2015), The second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007), The first San Mams Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013), St Pancras railway station, London (2011), Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London (2010), Train shed in Victoria Station, London (2006), Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010), Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008), Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005), Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City (2014), Interior arches in Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches in Great Hall, Chicago Union Station, Chicago, Illinois (2010), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011), Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building Burg Lippspringe, Germany (2005), Arches in the Casa-Museo del Libertador Simn Bolvar in Havana, Cuba (2006)[59], Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (2007), Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016), Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print), Arches in the Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2012), External arches in the Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2009), Arches inside the North Gallery, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2010), Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaa, Portugal (2008), North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008), Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013), Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London (2006), Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005), Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (2009), Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983), Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007), Interior arches in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010), Arches inside the Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014), Arches in the Shahi Mosque, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (2016), Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009), The Great Gate (Darwaza-i-rauza): Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004), Arches inside the Taj Majal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007), Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City (2005), New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2016), Arches inside the entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Sculpture Gallery, West Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (2007), Arches inside the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, California (2010), Arches near the Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Salle du Mange, Louvre Palace, Paris (2007), Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013), Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011), Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2011), Arches in St. Stevens Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2007), Horseshoe arch inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Multifoil arches inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Catenary arches inside the Casa Mil in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud (2010}, Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th-century City Palace, Udaipur, India (2013), Main faade of the Itamaraty Palace in Braslia, Brazil, decorated with many arches (2005), Arches inside the National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007), Front entrance of the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches inside the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2009), Bankstown Reservoir, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2018), Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome (2007), Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25220 AD) tomb chamber, Luoyang (2008), Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014), Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014), Jiangzhou Natural Bridge, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (2012), Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2016), Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007), Aloba Arch, Ennedi-Est Region, Chad (2015), Shipton's Arch, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2011), Darwin's Arch, Galpagos Archipelago, Pacific Ocean (2006), Shah Abbas Arch Dam (Tagh E Shah Abbas), Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran (2011), Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona (2017), El Atazar Dam on the Lozoya River near Madrid, Spain (2014), This article is about the architectural construct.